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Equivalent annual cost In finance the equivalent annual cost (EAC) is the cost per year of owning and operating an asset over its entire lifespan. EAC is often used as a decision making tool in capital budgeting when comparing investment projects of unequal lifespans. For example if project A has an expected lifetime of 7 years, and project B has an expected lifetime of 11 years it would be improper to simply compare the net present values (NPVs) of the two projects, unless neither project could be repeated. The use of the EAC method implies that the project will be replaced by an identical project. A practical example: A manager must decide on which machine to purchase:	run formula	edited by: ay
Joule The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. It was named after James Prescott Joule for his work on the relationship between heat, electricity and mechanical work. One joule is the work done, or energy expended, by a force of one newton moving an object one meter along the direction of the force. This quantity is also denoted as a Newton-meter with the symbol N·m. Note that torque also has the same units as work, but the quantities are not identical. In elementary units: 1J = 1kg. m²/s² One joule is also: * The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt; or one coulomb volt, with the symbol C·V. * The work done to produce power of one watt continuously for one second; or one watt second (compare kilowatt-hour), with the symbol W·s.	run formula	edited by: ay
Trajectory of a projectile In physics, the ballistic trajectory of a projectile is the path that a thrown object will take under the action of gravity, neglecting all other forces, such as friction from air resistance, or propulsion. This article provides a list of methods for calculating the trajectory of a projectile under the influence of Earth's gravity.	run formula	edited by: ay
WACC - Weighted average cost of capital The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is used in finance to measure a firm's cost of capital. It has been used by many firms in the past as a discount rate for financed projects, since the cost of the financing seems like a logical price tag to put on it. Corporations raise money from two main sources: equity and debt. Thus the capital structure of a firm comprises three main components: preferred equity, common equity and debt (typically bonds and notes). The WACC takes into account the relative weights of each component of the capital structure and presents the expected cost of new capital for a firm.	run formula	edited by: ay
Discount: net present value In finance (studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects) and economics, discounting is the process of finding the present value of an amount of cash at some future date, and along with compounding cash forms the basis of time value of money calculations. The discounted value of a cash flow is determined by reducing its value by the appropriate discount rate for each unit of time between the time when the cashflow is to be valued to the time of the cash flow. Most often the discount rate is expressed as an annual rate. To calculate the net present value of a single cash flow, it is divided by one plus the interest rate for each period of time that will pass. This is expressed mathematically as raising the divisor to the power of the number of units of time. Net present value (NPV) is a standard method for financial evaluation of long-term projects. Used for capital budgeting, and widely throughout economics, it measures the excess or shortfall of cash flows, in present value (PV) terms, once financing charges are met. All projects with a positive NPV are profitable, however this does not necessarily mean that they should be undertaken since NPV does not account for opportunity cost. Assuming a firm aims to maximise profit, projects should only be undertaken if their NPV is greater than the opportunity cost.	run formula	edited by: ay
Cylinder In mathematics, a cylinder is a quadric surface, with the following equation in Cartesian coordinates: [FORMEL...] This equation is for an elliptic cylinder, a generalization of the ordinary, circular cylinder (a = b). Even more general is the generalized cylinder: the cross-section can be any curve. The cylinder is a degenerate quadric because at least one of the coordinates (in this case z) does not appear in the equation. By some definitions the cylinder is not considered to be a quadric at all. In common usage, a cylinder is taken to mean a finite section of a right circular cylinder with its ends closed to form two circular surfaces, as in the figure (right). If the cylinder has a radius r and length (height) h, then its volume is given by [FORMEL...] and its surface area is [FORMEL...]	run formula	edited by: ay
Future value Future value measures what money is worth at a specified time in the future assuming a certain interest rate. This is used in time value of money calculations.	run formula	edited by: ay
Spherical cap In geometry, a spherical cap is a portion of a sphere cut off by a plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere, so that the height of the cap is equal to the radius of the sphere, the spherical cap is called a hemisphere.	run formula	edited by: ay
Quantity theory of money In economics, the velocity of money refers to a key term in the quantity theory of money, which centers on the equation of exchange: MV = PQ where M is the total amount of money in circulation in an economy at any one time (say, on average during a month). V is the velocity of money, i.e., how often each unit of money is spent during the month. This reflects financial institutions and other economic conditions. P is the average price level for the economy during the month. Q is the total number of items purchased during the month with the particular kind of money represented by M	run formula	edited by: ay
Pregnancy Date Calculator Pregnancy is typically broken into three periods, or trimesters, each of about three months. While there are no hard and fast rules, these distinctions are useful in describing the changes that take place over time. First trimester Traditionally, doctors have measured pregnancy from a number of convenient points, including the day of last menstruation, ovulation, fertilization, implantation and chemical detection. In medicine, pregnancy is often defined as beginning when the developing embryo becomes implanted into the endometrial lining of a woman's uterus. ... Second trimester Months 4 through 6 of the pregnancy are called the second trimester. Most women feel more energized in this period, and begin to put on weight as the symptoms of morning sickness subside and eventually fade away. ... Third trimester Final weight gain takes place, and the fetus begins to move regularly. The woman's navel will sometimes become convex, "popping" out, due to her expanding abdomen. ...	run formula	edited by: ay

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